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Nonlinear Least Squares En4dvar To 4denvar Methods For Data Assimilation: Formulation, Analysis, and Preliminary Evaluation

Abstract

The En4DVar method is designed to combine the flow-dependent statistical covariance information of EnKF into the traditional 4DVar method. However, the En4DVar method is still hampered by its strong dependence on the adjoint model of the underlying forecast model and by its complexity, maintenance requirements, and the high cost of computer implementation and simulation. The primary goal of this paper is to propose an alternative approach to overcome the main difficulty of the En4DVar method caused by the use of adjoint models. The proposed approach, the nonlinear least squares En4DVar (NLS-En4DVar) method, begins with rewriting the standard En4DVar formulation into a nonlinear least squares problem, which is followed by solving the resulting NLS problem by a Gauss–Newton iterative method. To reduce the computational and implementation complexity of the proposed NLS-En4DVar method, a few variants of the new method are proposed; these modifications make the model cheaper and easier to use than the full NLS-En4DVar method at the expense of reduced accuracy. Furthermore, an improved iterative method based on the comprehensive analysis on the above NLSi-En4DVar family of methods is also proposed. These proposed NLSi-En4DVar methods provide more flexible choices of the computational capabilities for the broader and more realistic data assimilation problems arising from various applications. The pros and cons of the proposed NLSi-En4DVar family of methods are further examined in the paper and their relationships and performance are also evaluated by several sets of numerical experiments based on the Lorenz-96 model and the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) Model, respectively.

Article / Publication Data
Active/Online
YES
Volume
146
Available Metadata
Accepted On
September 29, 2017
DOI ↗
Fiscal Year
NOAA IR URL ↗
Peer Reviewed
YES
Publication Name
Monthly Weather Review
Published On
January 01, 2018
Publisher Name
American Meteorological Society
Print Volume
146
Print Number
1
Page Range
77–93
Issue
1
Submitted On
March 07, 2017
URL ↗

Authors

Authors who have authored or contributed to this publication.