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Seth I. Gutman authored and/or contributed to the following articles/publications.
The atmospheric river observatory: an example of a real-time meteorological application of GNSS data
Atmospheric Rivers (AR’s) are long narrow bands of moisture that transport energy in the form of latent heat poleward from the Equatorial Warm Pool. AR’s are usually confined to the warm sector of extratropical cyclones which form along the leading edge of cold fronts, and are sometimes referred to as the “Warm Conveyor Belt,” a term coined by...
The Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiment (MOHAVE) 2009 campaign took place on October 11-27, 2009 at the JPL Table Mountain Facility in California (TMF). The main objectives of the campaign were to 1) validate the water vapor measurements of several instruments, including, three Raman lidars, two microwave radiome...
A dense GNSS meteorological network for observing deep convection in the Amazon
A dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorological network (?20 stations) in the central Amazon Basin in Brazil is being developed for long-term studies of deep convection/water vapor interactions and feedback. In this article, the network is described and preliminary results are presented: GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor is ...
The MOHAVE 2009 campaign took place at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (California) in October 2009. The campaign hosted a large number of instruments and techniques which allowed intensive measurements of water vapor mixing ratio between the ground and the mesopause, as well as Total Precipitable Water (TPW). Six ground-ba...
Developing a Performance Measure for Snow-Level Forecasts
The snow level, or altitude in the atmosphere where snow melts to rain, is an important variable for hydrometeorological prediction in mountainous watersheds; yet, there is no operational performance measure associated with snow-level forecasts in the United States. To establish a performance measure, it is first necessary to establish the basel...
Detection and characterization of systematic errors in atmospheric models
Modern numerical weather prediction models typically use 3- or 4-dimensional variational techniques (3D- or 4DVAR) for data assimilation and model initialization. In most cases, these methods assume that the distribution of observation and model error is Gaussian and unbiased. Owing to the importance of water vapor in weather forecasting and cli...
A water vapor flux tool for precipitation forecasting
The skill of quantitative precipitation forecasts is poor, especially for extreme events. This paper describes a new tool that combines wind observations aloft (from wind profiling radars) with vertically integrated water vapour (IWV) measurements derived from global positioning system (GPS) receivers to estimate the bulk transport of water vapo...
Short-range forecast impact from assimilation of GPS-IPW observations into the Rapid Update Cycle
Integrated precipitable water ( IPW) estimates derived from time delays in the arrival of global positioning system ( GPS) satellite signals are a relatively recent, high- frequency source of atmospheric moisture information available for real- time data assimilation. Different experimental versions of the Rapid Update Cycle ( RUC) have assimi...
Radiosonde humidity corrections and potential Atmospheric Infrared Sounder moisture accuracy
Although there are a number of sources of radiosonde data for validation of observations from other atmospheric sensors, routine operational sondes remain the main source for a large volume of data. In this study radiosonde moisture profiles are renormalized using Global Positioning System (GPS) Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) vapor. The GP...
During 9 March-9 April 2004, the North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment was conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's ( ARM) ``Great White'' field site near Barrow, Alaska. The major goals of the experiment were to compare microwave and millimeter wavelength radiometers and to develop forward models in ra...
Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) vapor estimates derived from a network of ground-based GPS receivers provide an accurate, convenient, and statistically robust means to assess the quality of AIRS water vapor retrievals over the contiguous United States (CONUS). For a period from April to October 2004, GPS IPW estimates were paired with AIRS d...
A comparison of GOES moisture-derived product and GPS-IPW data during IHOP-2002
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sounder-derived total column water vapor is compared with other data sources obtained during the 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP-2002) field experiment. Specifically, GPS-derived total integrated precipitable water (GPS-IPW) and radiosonde observations (raob) data are used to assess ...
Brightness temperatures computed from five absorption models and radiosonde observations were analyzed by comparing them with measurements from three microwave radiometers at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz. Data were obtained during the Cloudiness Inter-Comparison Experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement P...
Quality Control of Radiosonde Moisture Observations
After more then 60 years, in situ measurements made by radiosondes still provide the standard upper-atmospheric data set for numerical weather prediction, regional weather forecasting, climatology, research, and other applications. Radiosondes form the basis of inter-comparison, calibration and validation of most other atmospheric observing syst...
As technology advances, new ways of making measurements are developed and made cheaper, and it becomes feasible to make correlative measurements of the same atmospheric properties using multiple independent approaches. In the case of moisture, the availability of observations from conventional radiosondes, surface-based Global Positioning System...
A lightning prediction index that utilizes GPS integrated precipitable water vapor
The primary weather forecast challenge at the Cape Canaveral Air Station and Kennedy Space Center is lightning. This paper describes a statistical approach that combines integrated precipitable water vapor (IPWV) data from a global positioning system (GPS) receiver site located at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) with other meteorological data to ...
The Demonstration Division of NOAA’s Forecast Systems Laboratory is conducting a long-term experiment to test the effectiveness of using the precise geodetic position measurements made by a network of Global Positioning System monitoring stations to determine the total amount of water vapor contained in the sectional volume of the atmosphere abo...
IMPACT OF GPS WATER VAPOR DATA ON RUC SEVERE WEATHER FORECASTS
A NEW CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE FOR RAMAN LIDAR WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS
The NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scanning Raman Lidar has made measurements of water vapor and aerosols for almost ten years. Calibration of the water vapor data has typically been performed by comparison with another water vapor sensor such as radiosondes. We present a new method for water vapor calibration using pressure and temperature da...
The need for a reliable, low-cost observing system to measure water vapor in the atmosphere is incontrovertible. Experiments have shown the potential for using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to measure total precipitable water vapor accurately at different locations and times of year and under all weather conditions. The National Oce...
Using GPS-IPW in a 4-D data assimilation system
The NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) has been continuously calculating integrated atmospheric precipitable water (IPW) from GPS signal delays since 1994. Using rapid orbit information, these data have the accuracy required for use in a numerical weather prediction model through data assimilation. Parallel cycles with and without GPS-IPW da...
Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and cirrus clouds during the passage of Hurricane Bonnie
It has often been pointed out that the Bragg backscatter of radar waves from elevated turbulent layers is very highly correlated with the height gradient of radio refractive index (RI) through these layers. However, many users need the profiles of RI, or the associated humidity, rather than profiles of their gradients. Simple integration of th...
GPS meteorology: Reducing systematic errors in geodetic estimates for zenith delay
Differences between long term precipitable water (PW) time series derived from radiosondes, microwave water vapor radiometers, and GPS stations reveal offsets that are often as much as 1-2 mm PW. All three techniques are thought to suffer from systematic errors of order 1 mm PW. Standard GPS processing algorithms are known to be sensitive to th...
Devised scheme to correct GOES bias in GOES operational total precipitable water products
The National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-derived, total precipitable water (TPW) vapor product is routinely produced at NESDIS for Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) users, primarily for National Weather Service (NWS) forecast offices...
Institutions Earth System Research Laboratory - ESRL National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
A Twenty-First-Century California Observing Network for Monitoring Extreme Weather Events
During Northern Hemisphere winters, the West Coast of North America is battered by extratropical storms. The impact of these storms is of paramount concern to California, where aging water supply and flood protection infrastructures are challenged by increased standards for urban flood protection, an unusually variable weather regime, and projec...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
During the North American Monsoon, low-to-mid level moisture is transported in surges from the Gulf of California and Eastern Pacific Ocean into Mexico and the American Southwest. As rising levels of precipitable water interact with the mountainous terrain, severe thunderstorms can develop, resulting in flash floods that threaten life and proper...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
The complex interactions between water vapor fields and deep atmospheric convection remain one of the outstanding problems in tropical meteorology. The lack of high spatial–temporal resolution, all-weather observations in the tropics has hampered progress. Numerical models have difficulties, for example, in representing the shallow-to-deep conve...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA