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William R. Moninger authored and/or contributed to the following articles/publications.
Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) Overview
This paper is an overview of the Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) project, giving some history on the project, various applications of the atmospheric data, and future ideas and plans. As part of NASA's Aviation Safety and Security Program, the TAMDAR project developed a small low-cost sensor that collects useful mete...
Applications of TAMDAR Aircraft Data Reports in NWS forecast offices
Weather data from 63 commuter aircraft were used by National Weather Service (NWS) meteorologists to make improved forecasts and warnings during an experiment called the TAMDAR Great Lakes Fleet Experiment. TAMDAR (Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Report) is an instrument package and communications system designed by AirDat, LLC as part...
Aviation applications of TAMDAR aircraft data reports
Meteorological data from regional commuter aircraft were utilized by meteorologists to make improved aviation forecasts during an experiment called the TAMDAR Great Lakes Fleet Experiment. TAMDAR (Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Report) is an instrument package and communications system designed by AirDat, LLC as part of NASA and FAA a...
Automated Weather Reports from Aircraft: TAMDAR and the U.S. AMDAR Fleet
AMDAR (Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay) is a worldwide program providing automated real-time reports of atmospheric conditions from commercial airliners. AMDAR data have been available, and used by weather forecasters and in weather models, for nearly two decades. For a full discussion of AMDAR, particularly its U.S. component, see Moninger e...
Assessing two different commercial aircraft-based sensing systems
Various studies over the past decade have shown that additional detailed measurements of the vertical, horizontal and temporal atmospheric moisture structure are necessary to improve forecasts of precipitation location, intensity and timing, as well as the onset and strength of severe convective storms. To meet this need, several projects have b...
Commercial and general aviation aircraft continue to encounter unexpected turbulence that requires immediate changes to flight paths or is hazardous to the aircraft and passengers. This is due in part to the fact that current aviation-scale turbulence observations are inadequate and forecasts are not accurate enough to predict the location, time...
An evaluation of TAMDAR soundings in severe storm forecasting
Input from many sources is used in the short term prediction of severe thunderstorms. One of the more critical observations needed continues to be a vertical sounding of temperature, humidity and wind. National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters often call for special rawinsonde (hereafter, RAOB) launches at 1800 UTC on a potential severe storm d...
The TAMDAR Great Lakes Fleet Experiment
The TAMDAR (Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Report) project is a joint venture between NASA, Airdat LLC, Mesaba Airlines, NOAA and the FAA. It is the result of NASA aviation safety initiatives designed to reduce weather related aircraft accidents and delays. The purpose is to design, test and manufacturer an inexpensive instrument to m...
ASSIMILATION OF SURFACE CLOUD, VISIBILITY, AND CURRENT WEATHER OBSERVATIONS IN THE RUC
TROPOSPHERIC AIRBORNE METEOROLOGICAL DATA REPORTING (TAMDAR) SENSOR DEVELOPMENT
Automated meteorological reports from commercial aircraft
The more than 170,000 observations per day, from aircraft worldwide are improving both computer-generated and human-made weather forecasts.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ACARS DATA IN SUPPORT OF THE TAMDAR PROGRAM
Verification has been and continues to be essential to the development and operational transition of Global Science Division (GSD) models, particularly the Rapid Refresh (RAP) and the High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR). To that end, the GSD Assimilation Development Branch (ADB) has developed and maintained a verification system over the past d...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
Developing and improving numerical weather prediction models such as the Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) requires a well-designed, easy-to-use evaluation capability using observations. Owing to the very complex nonlinear interactions between the data assimilation system and the representation of various physics compo...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
This comment is intended to identify an error in the label for Table 7 in Schwartz and Benjamin (1995, hereafter SB95). The label should have read “Statistics for rawinsonde − ACARS matched data…,” meaning that for this sample, rawinsondes were warmer than aircraft data by a mean value of 0.22 K for these ascent/descent aircraft observations fro...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
Improved forecasts of atmospheric river (AR) events, which provide up to half the annual precipitation in California, may reduce impacts to water supply, lives, and property. We evaluate quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model version 3 (HRRRv3) and version 4 (HRRRv4) for five AR events that occurr...
Institutions Earth System Research Laboratory - ESRL National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
The History and Practice of AI in the Environmental Sciences
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become important tools for environmental scientists and engineers, both in research and in applications. Although these methods have become quite popular in recent years, they are not new. The use of AI methods began in the 1950s and environmental scientists were adopting them by the 19...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
A North American Hourly Assimilation and Model Forecast Cycle: The Rapid Refresh
The Rapid Refresh (RAP), an hourly-updated assimilation and model forecast system, replaced the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) as an operational regional analysis and forecast system among the suite of models at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in 2012. The need for an effective hourly-updated assimilation and modeling sys...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA
Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) is a synergistic project that combines observations and models to improve monitoring and forecasts of precipitation, streamflow, and coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay area. As an experimental system, AQPI leverages more than a decade of research, innovation, and implementation of a s...
Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA